Those numbers are values of book's ASIN that Calibre generated and filled out.
You would need to use a computer to find out what value is used for that particular book file.
I'm not sure if Calibre itself offers a built-in way of accessing that metadata field value (perhaps it would populate the "Ids" section with "mobi-asin" identifier on book import??) but something like MobiMetaEditor should get that job done:
https://www.mobileread.com/forums/sh...98&postcount=1
When you have the ASIN value you can just do a search inside "thumbnails" folder. The new cover image file must use that exact filename.